In 5 years after the first reception of felling losses of business wood reach the considerable sizes.

Pathogens:

seedling rot (Phytophthora omnivora de Bary.); lodging (childhood disease) of seedlings (Pythium debarianum H.); fusarium wilt (Alternaria tenuis Nees.); gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.); suffocation of seedlings (Thelephora terrestris Ehrenb.); powdery mildew (Mycrosphaera alphitoides G.); pestalotia of seedlings (Pestalotia hartigii Tub.).

Pests (beetles):

May – western (field) (Melolontha melolontha L.) and eastern (forest) (M. hippocastani F.); June (Amphimallon solstitiales L.); flowercoid (Anomala dubia Scop.).

Branches

Pathogens:

Vuilleminia comedens Nees. impex milky white (Impex lacteus Fr.); drying of branches (nectriosis) (Nectria cinnabarina Fr.); nummular necrosis of branches and trunks (Nummularia bulliardi Tul.).

Pests:

beech shoot aphid (Lachnus exicator Alt.). Buds and leaves Pathogens: brown leaf spot (Gloeosporium fagi West.); powdery mildew (Mycrosphaera alphitoides Griv.).

Pests:

winter weevil (Operophthera brumata L.); peeled ordinary (Erannis defoliaria Cl.); peeled orange (Erannis aurentiaria Esp.); beech leaf weevil (Phyllobius viridicollis F.); beech notched moth (Chimabache fagella F.); deciduous oak sickle (Ancylis mitterbacheriana Schif.); rosacea (Cacoecia rosana L.); beech moth (Lithocolletis faginella Z.); beech hairy aphid (Phyllaphis fagi L.); beech mite (Monoctenus sulcatus Nal.).

Trunks

Pathogens:

step cancer of branches and trunks (Nectria galligena Bres.); true coppice (white marble sapwood-core stem rot) (Fomes fomentarius (L. ex. Fr.) Gill.; false coppice (white striped central stem rot) (Phellinus igniarius (L. ex. Fr.) Goel.); white trunk rot (scales scabbed (Pholiota squarosa (Mull.) Guet.); yellow-white sapwood stem rot (stereum woolly) (Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pesc.); autumn honeysuckle (Armillariella melleah F.) Karst.).

Pests:

beech krifal (beech bark beetle) (Ernoporus fagi Fabr., genus bark beetles); western odd bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.); bicolor bark beetle (Taphrorychus bicolor Hrbst.); oak woodruff (Trypodendron domesticum L.); oak sagebrush (Scolytus intricatus R.); beech dicerca (Dicerca berolinensis, genus Zlatki); green narrow-bodied goldfinch (Aqrilus viridis L.); leaf drill (Elateroides dermestoides L., genus drills); oak bronze goldfinch (Chrysobothris affinis F.); marble squeak (Saperda scalaris L., genus mustache); mace (Acanthoderes clavipes Schr.); gray aspen mustache (Xilotrechus antipole); gray maple mustache (Leiopus nebulosus); black butterfly (Leptura scutellata F.); large short-winged mustache (Necydalis major L.); striped-variegated cell (Anaqlyptus mysticus L.); black-spotted ragweed (Raqium Mozdax D.); shashlik variegated (Xestobium plumbeum, genus shashlik); comb-shaped shashel (Ptilinus pectinicornis L.).

The process of dying off of trees at a young age often begins with the settlement of their crown with green narrow-bodied goldfinch, beech crypto and in the final stage maple mustache and shashel. The most dangerous pathogens at this time are Wuleyminia edible and nectrial necrosis of the bark.

In stands better lit by the sun, for example after the first method of gradual felling, the entomophytopathological complex is significantly numerous, especially in stands older than 100 years. The first to inhabit the trees are beech mullet, two-colored bark beetle, green narrow-bodied goldfinch, the lower part of the trunks – oak wood, gray maple mustache, leaf drill. Mustaches, as a rule, inhabit the tree when it is already affected by fungi: honeysuckle, true coppice, etc.

Conclusions

The main threat to the conservation of biodiversity of beech forests of Northern Bukovina is the anthropogenic impact on forest ecosystems, which leads to a significant loss of biological stability.

Despite the fact that beech belongs to the species relatively resistant to entomophytopathological complex, forest pathological reconnaissance and detailed examinations revealed a significant number of species of pests and pathogens that lead to pathological changes in beech plantations.

Entomophytopathological complex is present and important at all stages of beech life – from seed to maturity. 21 identified pathogens and about 40 species of forest pests are of the greatest economic importance.

The primary reasons for the weakening of beech forests are the introduction of two or three receiving uniform and gradual felling of the main use. At the same time the following factors work: the number of trees with sunburns, frost cracks increases. Due to the swaying of the abandoned trees by the wind, there are breaks in their root system. Important among the anthropogenic factor are mechanical damage to trees during their felling, skidding, as well as unorganized tourists.

In 65% of the trees analyzed after the first method of gradual felling, after 5 years a false nucleus, rot, mycelium of honeysuckle were found. The entomostore complex consisted of 20 species of dangerous representatives of the family of bark beetles, goldfinches, mustaches, shashels. Achieving economic maturity of beech in 20 years, as recommended for the conditions of the Carpathians [4], in the conditions of Northern Bukovina is almost impossible. In 5 years after the first reception of felling losses of business wood reach the considerable sizes.

Sparse stands after intensive felling, which resulted in a full planting of 0.5 and below, become reservations of peduncles and leafhoppers, which significantly affect the yield of beech fruits. Since it is extremely difficult to predict the "sowing" year and to carry out the second felling process under it, group-selective felling corresponds to the nature of beech forests of Northern Bukovina the most [17,22, 32].

The number of receptions depending on the steepness of the slopes 4-5, with the optimal period between them 4-5 years. In this case, there is the least negative impact of anthropogenic factors on forest ecosystems of forest beech, the greatest achievement is achieved by the creation of different age, mixed, group-structured biologically stable plantations.

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